维特根斯坦美好的一生(2)

3 罗素在谈到维特根斯坦时说，他很像布莱士·帕斯卡尔（1623—1662，法国数学家、物理学家和哲学家，译者注），帕斯卡尔也为了虔诚的信仰而放弃了数学。维特根斯坦浑身散发着一丝神秘，被众多门徒视若权威。他回到剑桥后终其余生都在研究语言在人类事务中的作用，及其在表达思想中的限制。这些观察结果在他辞世后作为《哲学研究》（1953）出版。后来他学生的一些笔记和其他散碎的文章也出版了。这原本会让一个对自己的观点如此谨慎以致为每一个字伤脑筋的人感到愤怒。

4 The question of Wittgenstein's own religious beliefs,like so much else about him,remains a paternal grandfather,the founder of the vast Wittgenstein fortune,was a convert from Judaism to did not protect the Wittgenstein family in Vienna when the Nazis came to 's brother Paul paid a huge sum of money to the Hitler regime to arrange for the safe escape of his sisters from 's mother was Roman Catholic,and he himself was baptized in that faith.He manifested a strong ascetic streak throughout his life,as well as a proneness for of his brothers committed suicide,and when Ludwig several times expressed the desire to end his life,his family took this desire ,upon seeing Wittgenstein pacing the room in apparent agony,Russell jocularly asked him,“Are you thinking about logic or your sins?” to which Wittgenstein replied “Both.” While Wittgenstein seemed to have no conventional religious views,and was considered to be an atheist by some,he often expressed great sympathy for religious figures,particularly those of a contemplative he was always loath to admit any influence upon him from previous philosophers,he did admit a fondness for certain aspects of Saint Augustine's is also clear that he was familiar with Arthur Schopenhauer'sThe World as Willand Representation,and seemed to agree with that atheist's claim that human beings are metaphysical by nature.

4 维特根斯坦本身的宗教信仰问题，就像其他很多关于他的事情一样，仍然是个谜。他的祖父，维特根斯坦家族巨大财富的创始人从犹太教皈依到新教。但纳粹占领维也纳时，这并没有使维特根斯坦家族得到保护。维特根斯坦的哥哥保罗付给希特勒政权一大笔钱安排他姐姐从奥地利安全出逃。维特根斯坦的母亲是天主教徒，他也曾受洗为天主教徒。在他的一生中，他表现出强烈的禁欲主义倾向，同时也有抑郁倾向。他的三个哥哥都自杀了，当路德维希几次表达想要结束生命的愿望时，他的家人都觉得这个愿望是认真的。有一次，看到维特根斯坦在房间里痛苦地踱来踱去，罗素打趣地问他：“你是在思考逻辑呢，还是你的罪行？”对此维特根斯坦回答说：“两者都有。”虽然维特根斯坦似乎没有传统的宗教观点，被一些人认为是无神论者，但他经常对宗教人物表示极大的同情，尤其是那些沉思的人。尽管他一直不愿意承认以前哲学家对他的任何影响，但他确实承认对圣奥古斯丁作品某些方面的喜爱。同样明显的是，他也熟悉叔本华的《作为意志和表象的世界》，似乎同意这个无神论者关于人本质上是形而上学的说法。

5 Perhaps what most marked Wittgenstein's character was his often-professed desire to be high—indeed impossible—standard had a major impact upon all who came to know him.His tormented nature,his unceasing search for truth,his inability to suffer fools gladly,and his apparent lack of humor all attest to a modern-day died of cancer in enough,given how unsatisfied he seemed with the mundane world around him,according to his friend Norman Malcolm his last words were:“Tell them I've had a wonderful life!” ■

5 也许维特根斯坦最显著的性格是他经常声称自己的愿望是成为完人。这一高度的——实际上是不可能的——标准对所有认识他的人都有很大影响。他备受折磨的天性、对真理的不懈追求、无法甘心忍受愚蠢之人、显然缺乏幽默感，所有这些都证明了他是一个现代的神秘主义者。他于1951年死于癌症。不过奇怪的是，考虑到他对周围的世俗世界是多么地不满，据他的朋友诺曼·马尔科姆说，他的遗言是：“告诉他们我度过了美好的一生！”□

文章来源：《数学的实践与认识》 网址: http://www.sxdsjyrs.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0727/681.html